- Super User
- 2023-09-09
Zvivakwa zvealuminium alloys pasi pekutonhora kwakanyanya uye mashandisirwo muku
Ngoro dzechitima dzepamusoro-soro dzakasungwa nealuminium zvinhu. Mimwe mitsetse yechitima inomhanya zvikuru inopfuura nemumatunhu anotonhora ane tembiricha yakadzikira seminus 30 kusvika 40 degrees Celsius. Zvimwe zviridzwa, midziyo, uye zvekugara pazvikepe zvekutsvagisa zveAntarctic zvinogadzirwa kubva mualuminium zvinhu uye zvinoda kushingirira tembiricha yakadzika seminus 60 kusvika 70 degrees Celsius. Ngarava dzeChinese dzinotakura zvinhu dzinofamba kubva kuArctic kuenda kuEurope dzinoshandisawo mimwe michina yakagadzirwa nealuminium zvinhu, uye imwe yacho inoratidzirwa kune tembiricha yakadzikira seminus 50 kusvika 60 degrees Celsius. Vanogona kushanda senguva dzose mukutonhora kwakanyanya kudaro? Hapana dambudziko, aluminium alloys uye aluminium zvinhu hazvityi kutonhora kwakanyanya kana kupisa.
Aluminium uye aruminiyamu alloys akanakisa akadzika-tembiricha zvinhu. Ivo havaratidzi kuderera-kupisa brittleness senge simbi yakajairwa kana nickel alloys, iyo inoratidza kuderera kukuru kwesimba uye ductility pakudziya kwakaderera. Nekudaro, aruminiyamu nealuminium alloys akasiyana. Ivo havaratidzi chero twumwe twunotaridza kuderera-kupisa brittleness. Ese ma mechanical properties anowedzera zvakanyanya sezvo tembiricha inodzikira. Izvi zvakazvimiririra pakuumbwa kwechinhu, ingave yakakandwa aruminiyamu alloy kana yakagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloy, poda metallurgy alloy, kana composite zvinhu. Iyo zvakare yakazvimirira kune mamiriro ezvinhu, ingave iri mu-se-yakagadziriswa mamiriro kana mushure mekupisa kurapwa. Hazvina hukama negadziriro yekugadzirira ingot, ingave inogadzirwa nekukanda nekukunguruka kana kuenderera mberi nekukanda nekukunguruka. Izvo zvakare hazvienderane nearuminiyamu yekubvisa maitiro, kusanganisira electrolysis, carbon thermal reduction, uye makemikari kubviswa. Izvi zvinoshanda kumatanho ese ekuchena, kubva pakugadzira aluminium ne99.50% kusvika 99.79% kuchena, yakakwirira-kuchena aruminiyamu ine 99.80% kusvika 99.949% kuchena, super-purity aluminium ine 99.950% kusvika 99.9959% kuchena, yakanyanya-kuchena 09%. kusvika ku99.9990% kuchena, uye ultra-high-purity aluminium ine pamusoro pe99.9990% kuchena. Sezvineiwo, mamwe maviri masimbi emwenje, magnesium uye titanium, zvakare haaratidze yakaderera-yekushisa brittleness.
Iyo mechanical zvimiro zveanowanzo shandiswa aruminiyamu alloys epamusoro-speed chitima ngoro uye hukama hwadzo netembiricha inoratidzwa mutafura iri pazasi.
| Yakajairika yakaderera-tembiricha michina zvimiro zveakawanda aruminiyamu alloys | |||||
| Alloy | temper | tembiricha ℃ | Tensile Simba (MPa) | bereka simba (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
| 5050 | O | -200 | 255 | 70 | |
| -80 | 150 | 60 | |||
| -30 | 145 | 55 | |||
| 25 | 145 | 55 | |||
| 150 | 145 | 55 | |||
| 5454 | O | -200 | 370 | 130 | 30 |
| -80 | 255 | 115 | 30 | ||
| -30 | 250 | 115 | 27 | ||
| 25 | 250 | 115 | 25 | ||
| 150 | 250 | 115 | 31 | ||
| 6101 | O | -200 | 296 | 287 | 24 |
| -80 | 248 | 207 | 20 | ||
| -30 | 234 | 200 | 19 | ||
Ngoro dzechitima dzinomhanya dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvealuminium zvakadai seAl-Mg series 5005 alloy plates, 5052 alloy plates, 5083 alloy plates, uye profiles; Al-Mg-Si series 6061 alloy plates uye profiles, 6N01 alloy profiles, 6063 alloy profiles; Al-Zn-Mg akatevedzana 7N01 alloy mahwendefa uye profiles, 7003 alloy profiles. Ivo vanouya muyakajairwa nyika: O, H14, H18, H112, T4, T5, T6.
Kubva pane data iri patafura, zviri pachena kuti michina yealuminium alloys inowedzera sezvo tembiricha inoderera. Naizvozvo, aruminiyamu yakanakisa yakadzika-tembiricha dhizaini yakakodzera kushandiswa muroketi yakaderera-tembiricha mafuta (liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen) matangi, liquefied natural gas (LNG) ngarava dzekutakura nematangi ekumahombekombe, yakadzika-tembiricha yemakemikari zvigadzirwa midziyo, inotonhora yekuchengetedza. , marori ane firiji, nezvimwewo.
Zvimiro zvezvitima zvinomhanya-mhanya paPasi, zvinosanganisira ngoro uye zvikamu zvelocomotive, zvese zvinogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa aripo aruminiyamu alloys. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekutsvagisa aruminiyamu alloy nyowani yezvivakwa zvengoro zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzinotonhora. Zvisineyi, kana imwe itsva 6XXX alloy ine mashandiro angaita 10% yakakwira kupfuura 6061 alloy kana 7XXX alloy ine kuita kwese ingangoita 8% yakakwira kupfuura 7N01 alloy inogona kugadzirwa, icho chingave budiriro huru.
Tevere, ngatikurukurei maitiro ekusimudzira engoro yealuminium alloys.
Mukatikugadzira uye kugadzirisa kwezvitima zvechitima, mahwendefa alloy akadai 5052, 5083, 5454, uye 6061 anoshandiswa, pamwe chete nemaprofiles akawedzera se5083, 6061, uye 7N01. Mamwe maalloys matsva se5059, 5383, uye 6082 ari kushandiswawo. Vese vanoratidza kukwenenzverwa, newaya dzewelding dzinowanzova 5356 kana 5556 alloys. Ehe, friction stir welding (FSW) ndiyo nzira inofarirwa, sezvo isingangovimbisi emhando yewelding asi zvakare inobvisa kudiwa kwewaya dzewelding. Japan's 7N01 alloy, ine kuumbwa kwayo kweMn 0.200.7%, Mg 1.02.0%, uye Zn 4.0 ~ 5.0% (zvose mu%), yakawana kushandiswa kwakapararira mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzenjanji. Germany yakashandisa 5005 alloy plates kugadzira masidewall emota dzinomhanya-mhanya dzeTrans Rapid uye yakashandisa 6061, 6063, uye 6005 alloy extrusions yemaprofile. Muchidimbu, kusvika parizvino, China nedzimwe nyika dzakanyanya kuomerera kune aya alloys ekugadzira-chitima chinomhanya.
Aluminium Alloys for Carriage at 200km/h~350km/h
Isu tinokwanisa kupatsanura ngoro yealuminium alloys zvichienderana nekumhanya kwekushanda kwezvitima. Iwo ekutanga-chizvarwa alloys anoshandiswa kumota dzinomhanya pazasi 200km/h uye akajairwa alloys anonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ngoro dzenjanji dzemudhorobha, dzakadai se6063, 6061, uye 5083 alloys. Yechipiri-chizvarwa chealuminium alloys se6N01, 5005, 6005A, 7003, uye 7005 inoshandiswa pakugadzira ngoro dzezvitima zvepamusoro-soro nekumhanya kubva ku200km / h kusvika 350km / h. Alloys yechizvarwa chechitatu anosanganisira 6082 uye scandium-ine aruminiyamu alloys.
Scandium-ine Aluminium Alloys
Scandium ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushanda zviyo zvinonatsa zvealuminium uye inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa zvivakwa zvealuminium alloy. Zvinyorwa zveScandium zvinowanzoita zvisingasviki 0.5% mune aruminiyamu alloys, uye alloys ane scandium akaunganidzwa anonzi aruminiyamu-scandium alloys (Al-Sc alloys). Al-Sc alloys anopa mabhenefiti akadai sesimba rakakwirira, yakanaka ductility, yakanakisa weldability, uye corrosion resistance. Iwo ari kushandiswa mukushandisa kwakasiyana siyana, zvinosanganisira ngarava, mota dzemuchadenga, mareactor, uye midziyo yekudzivirira, zvichiita kuti ive chizvarwa chitsva chealuminium alloys yakakodzera zvivakwa zvenjanji.
Aluminium Foam
Zvitima zvinomhanya-mhanya zvinoratidzwa nekuremerwa kweaxle mitoro, kumhanyisa kukurumidza uye kudzikisira, uye mabasa akaremerwa, izvo zvinoda kuti chimiro chengoro chive chakareruka sezvinobvira uchisangana nesimba, kusimba, kuchengeteka, uye kunyaradza zvinodiwa. Zviripachena, iyo yekupedzisira-yechiedza aluminium foam yakakwira chaiyo simba, chaiyo modulus, uye yakakwirira damping maitiro anowirirana nezvinodiwa izvi. Tsvagiridzo yekunze uye kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kwealuminium furo muzvitima zvinomhanya zvakaratidza kuti machubhu esimbi ane furo akazadzwa nefuro ane 35% kusvika 40% yakakwira simba rekutora simba kupfuura machubhu asina chinhu uye 40% kusvika 50% kuwedzera kwesimba rekuchinjika. Izvi zvinoita kuti mbiru dzengoro uye zvikamu zviwedzere kusimba uye zvisingaite kudonha. Kushandisa aluminium foam yekunyudza simba munzvimbo yelocomotive yekumberi buffer zone inosimudzira kugona kubata. Sandwich panels akagadzirwa ne10mm gobvu aruminiyamu furo uye matete aruminiyamu masheets anoreruka ne50% pane ekutanga simbi mahwendefa uku achiwedzera kuoma nekasere.
