- Super User
- 2023-09-09
Cov khoom ntawm aluminium alloys nyob rau hauv huab cua txias thiab kev siv hauv
Cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev yog welded siv cov khoom siv txhuas. Qee cov kab tsheb ciav hlau ceev dhau los ntawm cov cheeb tsam khov nrog qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm 30 txog 40 degrees Celsius. Qee cov cuab yeej siv, khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv Antarctic kev tshawb fawb cov hlab ntsha yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas thiab yuav tsum tau tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm 60 txog 70 degrees Celsius. Tuam Tshoj cov nkoj thauj khoom taug kev los ntawm Arctic mus rau Tebchaws Europe kuj siv qee cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas, thiab qee qhov nws raug kub hnyiab ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov qis tshaj 50 txog 60 degrees Celsius. Lawv puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob rau qhov txias txias? Tsis muaj teeb meem, aluminium alloys thiab aluminium cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntshai ntawm huab cua txias lossis cua sov.
Aluminium thiab aluminium alloys yog cov khoom zoo heev uas tsis tshua muaj kub. Lawv tsis pom qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo li cov hlau zoo tib yam lossis npib tsib xee alloys, uas qhia qhov txo qis hauv lub zog thiab ductility ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm li cas los xij, aluminium thiab aluminium alloys txawv. Lawv tsis pom ib qho kab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias brittleness. Tag nrho lawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau nce ntxiv thaum qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yog ywj siab ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg, txawm tias nws yog cam khwb cia aluminium alloy lossis wrought aluminium alloy, hmoov metallurgy alloy, lossis cov khoom sib xyaw. Nws tseem yog kev ywj pheej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev, txawm tias nws nyob hauv lub xeev ua tiav lossis tom qab kev kho cua sov. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem kev npaj ingot, txawm tias nws yog tsim los ntawm casting thiab dov los yog nruam casting thiab dov. Nws kuj tseem tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm txhuas, suav nrog electrolysis, carbon thermal txo, thiab tshuaj rho tawm. Qhov no siv rau txhua theem ntawm purity, los ntawm cov txheej txheem txhuas nrog 99.50% mus rau 99.79% purity, high-purity txhuas nrog 99.80% mus rau 99.949% purity, super-purity txhuas nrog 99.950% mus rau 99.9959% purity, siab-purity txhuas nrog 09. rau 99.9990% purity, thiab ultra-high-purity txhuas nrog tshaj 99.9990% purity. Interestingly, ob lwm lub teeb hlau, magnesium thiab titanium, kuj tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias brittleness.
Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv aluminium alloy rau cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev thiab lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov kub thiab txias yog qhia hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
| Yam tsawg-kub txhua yam khoom ntawm ntau aluminium alloys | |||||
| Alloy | npau taws | kub ℃ | Tensile zog (MPa) | yield zog (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
| 5050 | O | -200 | 255 | 70 | |
| -80 | 150 | 60 | |||
| -30 | 145 | 55 | |||
| 25 | 145 | 55 | |||
| 150 | 145 | 55 | |||
| 5454 | O | -200 | 370 | 130 | 30 |
| -80 | 255 | 115 | 30 | ||
| -30 | 250 | 115 | 27 | ||
| 25 | 250 | 115 | 25 | ||
| 150 | 250 | 115 | 31 | ||
| 6101 | O | -200 | 296 | 287 | 24 |
| -80 | 248 | 207 | 20 | ||
| -30 | 234 | 200 | 19 | ||
Cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev siv cov khoom siv txhuas xws li Al-Mg series 5005 alloy daim hlau, 5052 alloy phaj, 5083 alloy phaj, thiab profiles; Al-Mg-Si series 6061 alloy phaj thiab profiles, 6N01 alloy profiles, 6063 alloy profiles; Al-Zn-Mg series 7N01 alloy phaj thiab profiles, 7003 alloy profiles. Lawv tuaj hauv cov xeev tus qauv: O, H14, H18, H112, T4, T5, T6.
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub rooj, nws yog pov thawj tias txhua yam khoom ntawm aluminium alloys nce raws li qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, txhuas yog ib qho zoo heev uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias structural khoom haum rau siv nyob rau hauv lub foob pob ua ntxaij tsis tshua muaj kub roj (kua hydrogen, kua oxygen) tso tsheb hlau luam, liquefied natural gas (LNG) thauj ships thiab onshore tso tsheb hlau luam, low-temperature chemical khoom ntim, txias cia. , tsheb tub yees, thiab lwm yam.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev khiav hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov khoom siv tsheb thauj mus los, txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov khoom siv txhuas uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis tas yuav tshawb nrhiav cov aluminium alloy tshiab rau cov qauv tsheb thauj mus los ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam frigid. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias 6XXX alloy tshiab nrog kev ua tau zoo txog 10% siab dua 6061 alloy lossis 7XXX alloy nrog tag nrho kev ua tau zoo kwv yees li 8% siab dua 7N01 alloy tuaj yeem tsim tau, qhov ntawd yuav yog qhov ua tau zoo.
Tom ntej no, cia peb tham txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom aluminium alloys.
Hauv curKev xauj tsev thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tsheb thauj neeg, cov phaj hlau xws li 5052, 5083, 5454, thiab 6061 yog siv, nrog rau cov extruded profiles xws li 5083, 6061, thiab 7N01. Qee qhov tshiab alloys xws li 5059, 5383, thiab 6082 kuj raug siv. Lawv txhua tus pom zoo weldability, nrog vuam hlau feem ntau yog 5356 lossis 5556 alloys. Tau kawg, kev sib txhuam do vuam (FSW) yog txoj kev nyiam, vim nws tsis tsuas yog ua kom zoo vuam zoo tab sis kuj tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm vuam hlau. Nyiv lub 7N01 alloy, nrog nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Mn 0.200.7%, Mg 1.02.0%, thiab Zn 4.0 ~ 5.0% (tag nrho hauv %), tau pom dav siv hauv kev tsim tsheb ciav hlau. Lub teb chaws Yelemees siv 5005 alloy daim hlau los tsim cov phab ntsa rau high-speed Trans Rapid carriages thiab ua hauj lwm 6061, 6063, thiab 6005 alloy extrusion rau profiles. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, txog tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj thiab lwm lub teb chaws feem ntau tau ua raws li cov alloys rau kev tsim tsheb ciav hlau ceev.
Aluminium Alloys rau Carriages ntawm 200km / h ~ 350km / h
Peb tuaj yeem categorize carriage aluminium alloys raws li kev ua haujlwm ceev ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau. Thawj tiam alloys yog siv rau cov tsheb nrog ceev tshaj 200km / h thiab yog cov pa alloys feem ntau siv rau kev tsim tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog, xws li 6063, 6061, thiab 5083 alloys. Thib ob-tiam txhuas alloys zoo li 6N01, 5005, 6005A, 7003, thiab 7005 yog siv rau kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau ntawm kev kub ceev tsheb ciav hlau nrog ceev xws li 200km / h txog 350km / h. Thib peb-tiam alloys suav nrog 6082 thiab scandium-muaj aluminium alloys.
Scandium-muaj Aluminium Alloys
Scandium yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws cov nplej refiners rau txhuas thiab suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv txhuas. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Scandium feem ntau tsawg dua 0.5% hauv cov txhuas alloys, thiab cov alloys uas muaj scandium yog sib sau ua ke hu ua aluminium-scandium alloys (Al-Sc alloys). Al-Sc alloys muaj qhov zoo xws li lub zog siab, zoo ductility, zoo weldability, thiab corrosion kuj. Lawv tau siv rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog cov nkoj, tsheb aerospace, reactors, thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, ua rau lawv lub cim tshiab ntawm aluminium alloys haum rau kev tsheb ciav hlau.
Aluminium Foam
High-speed tsheb ciav hlau yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb axle loads, nquag acceleration thiab deceleration, thiab overloaded ua hauj lwm, uas yuav tsum tau lub carriage qauv kom lub teeb yuag li sai tau thaum ua tau raws li lub zog, rigidity, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev nplij siab. Kom meej meej, lub ultra-lub teeb txhuas ua npuas ncauj lub siab tshwj xeeb lub zog, tshwj xeeb modulus, thiab siab damping yam ntxwv ua raws li cov kev cai no. Kev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm txhuas ua npuas ncauj nyob rau hauv high-ceev tsheb ciav hlau tau pom tias txhuas ua npuas ncauj-filled steel hlab muaj ib tug 35% mus rau 40% siab zog nqus muaj peev xwm tshaj cov hlab ntsha khoob thiab ib tug 40% mus rau 50% nce nyob rau hauv flexural zog. Qhov no ua rau cov ncej thiab cov partitions muaj zog dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib tsoo. Kev siv cov txhuas ua npuas ncauj rau lub zog nqus hauv qhov chaw locomotive pem hauv ntej tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm nqus tau. Sandwich panels ua los ntawm 10mm tuab aluminium npuas thiab nyias aluminium ntawv yog 50% sib dua li qub steel daim hlau thaum ua kom nruj los ntawm 8 zaug.
